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Violetta Villas
Czesława Gospodarek (10 June 1938 – 5 December 2011), known by her stage name Violetta Villas, was a Belgian-born Polish and international cabaret star, singer, actress, composer and songwriter. Her voice was characterized as coloratura soprano,〔''Na każdy temat'' – Polish television programme, 1996〕 which spanned over 4 octaves. She could play the piano, violin, and trombone and had absolute pitch.〔Tygrysica z Magdalenki, Witold Filler (1993)〕 Characterisations of her included "the voice of the atomic age",〔L'Humanité, 1966〕 "the singing toast of the continent",〔"Dunes show will star toast of Europe, Violetta Villas", The Vista Press, 1967〕 "a voice like French champagne",〔(Casino de Paris brochure )〕 and the "Polish Yma Sumac". Villas was the first star of the ''Casino de Paris'' at Dunes Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas (1966–1971).〔
Villas was known for her conspicuous wardrobe and number-one hits. During her show business career, Villas acted in six films, performed in numerous musical shows, and recorded almost three hundred songs in ten languages, including Polish, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Neapolitan, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese. She was an animal rights activist.
Villas was a very controversial person for her alcohol〔''Villas. Nic przecież nie mam do ukrycia'' – J. Danielewicz, I. Michalewicz; Villas' biography, ISBN 978-83-7799-068-1 (2011)〕 and morphine addiction〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Villas brała morfinę! ''(Villas took morphine!)'' )〕 and being a Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs informant〔〔Institute of National Remembrance (IPN BU 1386/486988)〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Akta "Gabrielli" – kontakty Villas z SB ''(Gabriella's files – contacts Villas with SB)'' )〕 with the code name ''Gabriella''.〔〔Institute of National Remembrance (IPN BU 00170/618)〕 Moreover she had a delusional disorder,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rodzina Villas walczy o spadek ''(Villas' family fights for inheritance'') )〕 which has a bad influence on her contacts with her environment and family.〔
In 2011, Villas received the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis.〔(Violetta Villas to take final bow )〕〔(Ostatni koncert Violetty Villas; tvn24.pl )〕〔(Violetta Villas otrzymała srebrną Glorię Artis; wprost.pl )〕
==Biography==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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